Clinical Spectrum and Mycological Correlation in Otomycosis: An Observational Study

Abstract

Abstract Background: Otomycosis is a superficial fungal infection of the external auditory canal, commonly encountered in tropical and humid regions. It presents with nonspecific symptoms such as pruritus, ear pain, and aural fullness. The condition is often underdiagnosed and mismanaged due to its overlapping presentation with bacterial otitis externa.

Objective: To analyse the clinical presentation, mycological profile, and treatment response of patients diagnosed with otomycosis in a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 20 patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of otomycosis. Clinical examination was followed by debris removal, microscopic examination, and fungal culture. Antifungal therapy (topical and systemic) was initiated based on empirical choice and later modified based on culture reports. Follow-up was done after one week to assess treatment response. Results: • Female preponderance (70%) was observed with a mean patient age of 31 years 9 months. • Right ear was more frequently involved (50%). • Most common symptoms included pain (100%), irritation (75%), and ear blockage (55%). • The predominant fungal isolate was Aspergillus niger (80%), followed by Candida albicans (15%) and one mixed infection with Rhizopus species (5%). • Clinical improvement was noted in most cases after one week of antifungal therapy.

Conclusion: Otomycosis remains a significant cause of otitis externa in tropical regions, with Aspergillus niger as the most prevalent pathogen. Accurate diagnosis through clinical and microbiological evaluation is crucial for effective treatment. Removal of debris and appropriate antifungal therapy lead to favourable outcomes in the majority of cases.

Keywords: Otomycosis; Aspergillus Niger; Candida albicans; Mycoses; Antifungal Agents; Otitis Externa.